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--- visual3d:documentation:modeling:coordinate_system [2025/07/30 17:24] – sgranger
+++ visual3d:documentation:modeling:coordinate_system [2025/07/30 18:06] (current) – sgranger
@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 To create a SCS:\\
   - The user must specify targets to identify the distal/proximal end of a segment, using these targets V3D will:
-   - [[#Joint_Center_Location|Define the anatomical (or frontal) plane & identify the joint centers that lie on the anatomical plane]]
+    - [[#Joint_Center_Location|Define the anatomical (or frontal) plane & identify the joint centers that lie on the anatomical plane]]
-   - [[#InferiorSuperior_Axis_Orientation|Align the inferior/superior axis of the SCS between joint centers (the inferior/superior axis will lie along the anatomical plane)]]
+    - [[#InferiorSuperior_Axis_Orientation|Align the inferior/superior axis of the SCS between joint centers (the inferior/superior axis will lie along the anatomical plane)]]
   - [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Segment_Coordinate_System#Establishing_the_SCS_X,_Y_and_Z_Axes|Visual3D must create unit vectors to define the SCS]]
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
-|**LMK -** Left Medial Knee target\\ **LLK -** Left Lateral Knee target\\ **LKJC -** Left Knee Joint Center landmark\\   |**LMA -** Left Medial Ankle target\\ **LLA -** Left Lateral Angle target\\   |
+**LMK -** Left Medial Knee target \\
+**LLK -** Left Lateral Knee target \\
+**LKJC -** Left Knee Joint Center landmark \\
+**LMA -** Left Medial Ankle target \\
+**LLA -** Left Lateral Angle target \\
-\\
 Please note that this is not a recommended marker set, and this wiki page does not discuss tracking targets. This page only describes the various options within Visual3D to define a segment using anatomical landmarks.\\
@@ Line 48: / Line 51: @@
-|**[[#Method_1|1) Method 1:]]**\\ **Proximal End:** 1 Joint center [[#Targets_vs_Landmarks|landmark]] //& [[#RadiusA_vs_RadiusB|RadiusA]]//\\ **Distal End:** 1 Lateral & 1 medial target\\ **Extra target to Define Orientation:** None\\ \\ **[[#Method_2|2) Method 2:]]**\\ **Proximal End:** 1 Lateral & 1 medial target\\ **Distal End:** 1 Lateral & 1 medial target\\ **Extra target to Define Orientation:** None\\ \\ **[[#Method_3|3) Method 3:]]**\\ **Proximal End:** 1 Joint center [[#Targets_vs_Landmarks|landmark]] //& [[#RadiusA_vs_RadiusB|RadiusA]]//\\ **Distal End:** 1 Lateral target & RadiusB\\ **Extra target to Define Orientation:** Lateral target\\ \\ **[[#Method_4|4) Method 4:]]**\\ **Proximal End:** 1 Lateral target & [[#RadiusA_vs_RadiusB|RadiusB]]\\ **Distal End:** 1 Lateral target & [[#RadiusA_vs_RadiusB|RadiusB]]\\ **Extra target to Define Orientation:** Lateral target\\   |  {{:SegmentDefinitionBlank_Shank.jpg}}|
+|**[[#Method_1|Method 1:]]**\\ **Proximal End:** 1 Joint center [[#Targets_vs_Landmarks|landmark]] //& [[#RadiusA_vs_RadiusB|RadiusA]]//\\ **Distal End:** 1 Lateral & 1 medial target\\ **Extra target to Define Orientation:** None\\ \\ **[[#Method_2|Method 2:]]**\\ **Proximal End:** 1 Lateral & 1 medial target\\ **Distal End:** 1 Lateral & 1 medial target\\ **Extra target to Define Orientation:** None\\ \\ **[[#Method_3|Method 3:]]**\\ **Proximal End:** 1 Joint center [[#Targets_vs_Landmarks|landmark]] //& [[#RadiusA_vs_RadiusB|RadiusA]]//\\ **Distal End:** 1 Lateral target & RadiusB\\ **Extra target to Define Orientation:** Lateral target\\ \\ **[[#Method_4|Method 4:]]**\\ **Proximal End:** 1 Lateral target & [[#RadiusA_vs_RadiusB|RadiusB]]\\ **Distal End:** 1 Lateral target & [[#RadiusA_vs_RadiusB|RadiusB]]\\ **Extra target to Define Orientation:** Lateral target\\   |  {{:SegmentDefinitionBlank_Shank.jpg}}|
 **//RadiusA// vs RadiusB**\\
@@ Line 65: / Line 68: @@
 **In this example, three border targets are used. So the frontal plane is simply the plane defined by the three targets.**
-|**For example of Method 1, create the left shank segment with the following definition:**\\ **1. Create Left Shank Segment:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>In the **Segments** tab, select //Left Shank// in the Segment Name box.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on the **Create Segment** button.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>In the **Left Shank** tab, enter these values:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Proximal Joint and Radius**\\    **Lateral:** //None//     **Joint:** //LKJC//     **Medial:** //None//     \\    **Radius:** //0.5*DISTANCE(LMK,LLK)//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Distal Joint and Radius**\\    **Lateral:** //LLA//     **Joint:** //None//     **Medial:** //LMA//     \\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Select Tracking Targets:**\\      //LLA//, //LLK//, //LMA//, //LMK//, //LSK//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on **Build Model.** A 3D image of a shank will appear in the 3D viewer.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding.<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:SegmentDefinition_ProxJC_DistLatMed.jpg}}|
+|**For example of Method 1, create the left shank segment with the following definition:** \\ **1. Create Left Shank Segment:** \\ In the **Segments** tab, select //Left Shank// in the Segment Name box. \\ Click on the **Create Segment** button. \\ In the **Left Shank** tab, enter these values: \\ **Define Proximal Joint and Radius** \\ **Lateral:** //None// **Joint:** //LKJC// **Medial:** //None// \\ **Radius:** //0.5*DISTANCE(LMK,LLK)// \\ **Define Distal Joint and Radius** //LLA// **Joint:** //None// **Medial:** //LMA// \\ **Select Tracking Targets:** \\ //LLA//, //LLK//, //LMA//, //LMK//, //LSK// \\ Click on **Build Model.** A 3D image of a shank will appear in the 3D viewer. \\ Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding. | {{ :SegmentDefinition_ProxJC_DistLatMed.jpg}} |
-\\
@@ Line 76: / Line 77: @@
 **In this example, four border targets are used. A plane is defined by three points, so when four targets are used, the frontal plane is fit between the four targets using a least square fit. The least squares fit is applied such that the sum of squares distance between the targets and the frontal plane is minimized.**
-|**For an example of Method 2, create the left shank segment with the following definition:**\\ **2. Create Left Shank Segment:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>In the **Segments** tab, select //Left Shank// in the Segment Name box.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on the **Create Segment** button.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>In the **LSK_2** tab, enter these values:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Proximal Joint and Radius**\\    **Lateral:** //LLK//     **Joint:** //None//     **Medial:** //LMK//     \\    <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Distal Joint and Radius**\\    **Lateral:** //LLA//     **Joint:** //None//     **Medial:** //LMA//     \\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Select Tracking Targets:**\\      //LLA//, //LLK//, //LMA//, //LMK//, //LSK//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on **Build Model.** A 3D image of a shank will appear in the 3D viewer.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding.<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:SegmentDefinition_ProxLatMed_DistLatMed.jpg}}|
+|**For an example of Method 2, create the left shank segment with the following definition:** \\ **2. Create Left Shank Segment:** \\ **Segments** tab, select //Left Shank// in the Segment Name box. \\ Click on the **Create Segment** button. \\ In the **LSK_2** tab, enter these values: \\ **Define Proximal Joint and Radius** \\ **Lateral:** //LLK// **Joint:** //None// **Medial:** //LMK// \\ **Define Distal Joint and Radius** \\ **Lateral:** //LLA// **Joint:** //None// **Medial:** //LMA// \\ **Select Tracking Targets:** \\ //LLA//, //LLK//, //LMA//, //LMK//, //LSK// \\ Click on **Build Model.** A 3D image of a shank will appear in the 3D viewer. \\ Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding. |  {{:SegmentDefinition_ProxLatMed_DistLatMed.jpg}}|
 |\\ **When using a proximal joint center and the mediolateral distal targets to define the segment, the distal joint center is defined by:**\\ 1) Define the anatomical plane (purple box) using the least squares fit to define the plane between the four targets\\ 2) Find the midpoint between the proximal mediolateral targets\\ 3) The proximal joint center is defined at the midpoint\\ 4) Find the midpoint between the distal mediolateral targets\\ 5) The distal joint center is defined at the midpoint\\ \\   |  {{:SegmentDefinition_ProxLatMed_DistLatMed_ppt.jpg}}|
@@ Line 84: / Line 85: @@
 **In this example, three border targets are used. So the frontal plane is simply the plane defined by the three targets.**
-|**For example of Method 3, create the left shank segment with the following definition:**\\ **3. Create Left Shank Segment:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>In the **Segments** tab, select //Left Shank// in the Segment Name box.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on the **Create Segment** button.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>In the **LSK_3** tab, enter these values:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Proximal Joint and Radius**\\    **Lateral:** //None//     **Joint:** //LKJC//     **Medial:** //None//     \\    **Radius:** //0.5*DISTANCE(LLK,LMK)//<HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Distal Joint and Radius**\\    **Lateral:** //LLA//     **Joint:** //None//     **Medial:** //None//     \\    **Radius:** //0.5*DISTANCE(LLA,LMA)//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Extra Target to Define Orientation**\\    **Location:** //Lateral//     //LSK//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Select Tracking Targets:**\\      //LLA//, //LLK//, //LMA//, //LMK//, //LSK//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on **Build Model.** A 3D image of a shank will appear in the 3D viewer.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding.<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:SegmentDefinition_ProxJC_DistLat.jpg}}|
+|**For example of Method 3, create the left shank segment with the following definition:** \\ **3. Create Left Shank Segment:** \\ In the **Segments** tab, select //Left Shank// in the Segment Name box. \\ Click on the **Create Segment** button. \\ In the **LSK_3** tab, enter these values: \\ **Define Proximal Joint and Radius** \\ **Lateral:** //None// **Joint:** //LKJC// **Medial:** //None// \\ **Radius:** //0.5*DISTANCE(LLK,LMK)// \\ **Define Distal Joint and Radius** \\ **Lateral:** //LLA// **Joint:** //None// **Medial:** //None// \\ **Radius:** //0.5*DISTANCE(LLA,LMA)// \\ **Extra Target to Define Orientation** \\ **Location:** //Lateral// //LSK// \\ **Select Tracking Targets:** \\ //LLA//, //LLK//, //LMA//, //LMK//, //LSK// \\ Click on **Build Model.** A 3D image of a shank will appear in the 3D viewer. \\ Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding. | {{:SegmentDefinition_ProxJC_DistLat.jpg}}|
-|\\ **When using a proximal joint center and the lateral distal target to define the segment:**\\ 1) Define the anatomical plane (purple triangle) using the three targets\\ 2) Draw a circle with radius "Rd" around the lateral distal target\\ ^D^ 3) Draw a vector from the proximal joint center that forms a right angle with the radius of the circle\\ 4) The joint center is at the location where the two vectors meet\\ \\   |  {{:SegmentDefinition_ProxJC_DistLat_ppt.jpg}}|
+| **When using a proximal joint center and the lateral distal target to define the segment:** \\ 1) Define the anatomical plane (purple triangle) using the three targets \\ 2) Draw a circle with radius "Rd" around the lateral distal target \\ 3) Draw a vector from the proximal joint center that forms a right angle with the radius of the circle \\ 4) The joint center is at the location where the two vectors meet \\ |{{:SegmentDefinition_ProxJC_DistLat_ppt.jpg}}|
 ==== Method 4 ====
@@ Line 92: / Line 93: @@
 **In this example, three border targets are used. So the frontal plane is simply the plane defined by the three targets.**
-|**For example of Method 4, create the left shank segment with the following definition:**\\ **4. Create Left Shank Segment:**\\ \\ <HTML><ol></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>In the **Segments** tab, select //Left Shank// in the Segment Name box.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on the **Create Segment** button.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>In the **LSK_4** tab, enter these values:\\ \\ |<HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Proximal Joint and Radius**\\    **Lateral:** //LLK//     **Joint:** //None//     **Medial:** //None//     \\    **Radius:** //0.5*DISTANCE(LLK,LMK)//<HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Define Distal Joint and Radius**\\    **Lateral:** //LLA//     **Joint:** //None//     **Medial:** //None//     \\    **Radius:** //0.5*DISTANCE(LLA,LMA)//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Extra Target to Define Orientation**\\    **Location:** //Lateral//     //LSK//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>\\ \\ <HTML><p></HTML>   **Select Tracking Targets:**\\      //LLA//, //LLK//, //LMA//, //LMK//, //LSK//\\ <HTML></p></HTML>||<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on **Build Model.** A 3D image of a shank will appear in the 3D viewer.<HTML></li></HTML>\\ <HTML><li></HTML>Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding.<HTML></li></HTML><HTML></ol></HTML>  |  {{:SegmentDefinition_ProxLat_DistLatMed.jpg}}|
+|**For example of Method 4, create the left shank segment with the following definition:** \\ **4. Create Left Shank Segment:** \\ In the **Segments** tab, select //Left Shank// in the Segment Name box. \\ Click on the **Create Segment** button. \\ **Define Proximal Joint and Radius** \\ **Lateral:** //LLK// **Joint:** //None// **Medial:** //None// \\ **Radius:** //0.5*DISTANCE(LLK,LMK)// \\ **Joint:** //None// \\ **Radius:** \\ **Extra Target to Define Orientation** \\ **Location:** //Lateral// //LSK// \\ **Select Tracking Targets:** \\ //LLA//, //LLK//, //LMA//, //LMK//, //LSK// \\ Click on **Build Model.** A 3D image of a shank will appear in the 3D viewer. \\ Click on **Close Tab** before proceeding. |  {{:SegmentDefinition_ProxLat_DistLatMed.jpg}}|
 |\\ **When using a proximal joint center and the lateral distal target to define the segment:**\\ 1) Define the anatomical plane (purple triangle) using the three targets\\ 1) Draw a circle with radius "Rp" around the lateral proximal target\\ 2) Draw a circle with radius "Rd" around the lateral distal target\\ 3) Drawing a vector on the "medial" side of the circle that forms a right angle with the radius of the proximal and distal circles\\ 4) The joint centers are at the locations where the vector meet the radii\\ \\   |  {{:SegmentDefinition_ProxLat_DistLat_ppt.jpg}}|